This book presents a clear and philosophically sound method for identifying, interpreting, and evaluating arguments as they appear in non-technical sources. Reason and Argument: Pearson New International Edition.
Reason and argument feldman download pdf#
Reason and argument by Feldman, Richard Download PDF EPUB FB2 Thus, it is a mistake to respond to a request for your argument by saying, "Bush will win in !" This may be your conclusion, but. Without them, there is no argumentjust a claim. These are claims that support the conclusionas their name suggests, they give you reason to believe it. Lewis was convinced by the moral argument for God, which shows God to be the moral ideal: “it is more important that Heaven should exist than that any of us should reach it.” 1 Flew rejected Lewis’ moral argument for God, although late in life he was convinced of deism by the argument from design. And it's an argument that both could and should extend beyond book writing to, say, the founders and inventors behind some of the nation's most successful businesses, some of. Thus to explain the existence of one book by saying that it is copied from another or to explain your existence by saying that you were a child of your parents only gives a partial explanation. By a ‘sufficient reason’ Leibniz means a complete explanation. This is known as the Principle of Sufficient Reason. When we blame any action, in any situation, the whole complicated. These moral qualities, therefore, must be relations. But that reason, according to this hypothesis, discovers also vice and virtue. Demonstrative reason discovers only relations.
Treatise of Human Nature/Book 3: Of morals by David Hume But here, I think, is plain argument. Argumentation is a social process of two or more people making arguments, responding to one another-not simply restating the same claims and reasons-and modifying or defending their positions accordingly. Arguments are claims backed by reasons that are supported by evidence. StatementĬritical thinking means being able to make good arguments. Includes bibliographical references and index. The first two conditions are still not sufficient for a good argument.By Prentice Hall in Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Note that if a good argument is either valid or inductively strong, this implies that an inductively weak argument can never be a good argument.Ĭondition 3: The premises are not question begging We would have to give us most of our scientific knowledge. It will be too restrictive if we demand that all good arguments must be valid. But we have seen that inductively strong (and hence invalid) arguments play an equally important role in reasoning.
Valid arguments cannot lead us from true premises to false conclusions. We have no reason to accept an argument if the premises are false or are unlikely to be true.Ĭondition 2: The argument is deductively valid or inductively strongĭeductively valid arguments are of course valuable. The premises of a good argument must be known to be true, or they have to be at least highly probable. Let us try to make it more precise.Ĭondition 1: The premises are true or highly plausible Intuitively, a good argument is one in which the premises provide good reasons for the conclusion. It is time to consider how they help us explain what a good argument is. We have discussed different aspects of arguments.
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